New Zealand
New Zealand is situated in the South Pacific Ocean, south east of Australia. North Island and South Island make up New Zealand. There are several other smaller islands: the Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, Kermadec Islands and Stewart Island. The Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau are all all dependent on New Zealand. Wellington, on North Island, is both the capital city and a major port.
While New Zealand was originally inhabited by Maoris who migrated from Polynesia, in 1769, the English Captain James Cook claimed the islands for Britain.
New Zealand became self-governing in 1852 and in the 1860s gold was discovered in South Island. Thousands of prospectors from Australia and California moved to New Zealand leading to expansion in transport, industry and commerce. New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907. The country became fully independent after the Second World War.
Agriculture has been the most economic contributor in New Zealand dependent on the UK market. When the UK joined the EU in 1973 New Zealand imports were restricted. This compelled the New Zealand economy to restructure and focus on industrialization. Today, farms are highly mechanized, industry has expanded and the service sector has taken a prominent role in the country's economic life. Agricultural products include lamb, wool, beef, dairy products, wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, hops, and fruits: apples, citrus fruits, kiwis and grapes. Fish are also exported. Coal is a significant natural resource. Other resources are natural gas, iron ore, sand, gold, limestone and marble. Industries are wood and paper products, machinery, transportation equipment, textiles and food processing.
In the service sector banking, insurance and tourism play critical roles in the growth of the economy.
English and Maori are the official languages of New Zealand and the majority of the people are Christian.
Fishing, dairy farming and livestock farming are all represented in the cuisine of the country. Fish, shellfish, dairy products and lamb, pork and beef feature in the day-to-day recipes of the country.
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