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Australia

The continent of Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. Its capital is Canberra situated in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) between New South Wales and Victoria. Australia has another territory: the Northern Territory (Darwin) and six States: New South Wales (Sydney), Queensland (Brisbane), South Australia (Adelaide), Victoria (Melbourne), Western Australia (Perth) and the Island of Tasmania (Hobart). A large proportion of Australia is desert.

Colonization in Australia began in 1787 when Britain sent out eleven ships carrying around eight hundred convicts. A penal colony was established in the area which later became Sydney. Somewhere in 1853, gold was discovered in Victoria and the Australian Gold Rush began. The various states decided to come together in 1901, and form the Commonwealth of Australia with Queen Victoria as the Head of State. The government started to encourage immigration, after the Second World War and around five and a half million people moved into the continent from Britain and the rest of Europe. The dingo is Australia's wild dog, which was probably brought to the continent by the original Australians who are believed to have moved into the continent from south-east Asia during the Ice Age.

The Great Barrier Reef, which lies off Queensland, is a World Heritage Area. It is the world's largest coral reef, and is a breeding ground for many rare species of sea animals.

The cornerstones for Australia’s economy were wheat and wool. Much of the world's wool is produced by Australia. There is a large export industry for its agricultural produce including wine. Crops include barley, wheat, sugar, bananas, citrus fruits, etc. Australia is also a world leader in the production of honey. Australia benefits from significant catches of fish such as tuna as well as abalone, lobsters and prawns, because of its long coastline. Australia is a producer of diamond, coal, gold, silver, copper, bauxite, iron ore, lead, nickel, tin, tungsten, uranium and zinc. Other resources include natural gas and petroleum. Steel, vehicle and machinery manufacture, chemicals and food processing are some of the major industries of Australia.

Though English is the national language of Australia, its people speak other languages also. Most Australians are Christians. There are also Muslims, Buddhists and Jews.

Australia's cuisine is heavily influenced by the various races of people living there, apart from the usual Australian meals of steaks, chops and roast lamb. The large Greek community, the Italians and Chinese have all brought their own cooking styles and recipes to the continent.

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