Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a republic situated in Central Asia. It is bordered by the Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Iran. Ashgabat is the capital city.
The Karakum Desert, including its oases, covers eighty percent of Turkmenistan. The desert land is watered by the Amudarya River, the Artek, the Murgab and the Tejen. A network of canals distributes water; the Karakum Canal, is one of the world's longest irrigation canals.
At the end of the nineteenth century present-day Turkmenistan was annexed by Russia and became part of Russian Turkestan. In 1924 and 1925 the USSR during its reorganization of the central Asian territory, abolished Turkestan and Turkmenistan became a full constituent republic of the USSR. Turkmenistan became independent in 1991 after the dissolution of the USSR.
The largest employment is generated by the agricultural sector, where cotton is the most important crop. Other agricultural crops are wheat, millet, alfalfa, fruit, olives and sesame. The country has substantial gas and oil reserves. Industries include petroleum products, natural gas, construction, textiles, handmade carpets and food processing. Tourism is getting fresh attention from the government.
Majority of the people in the country speak Turkmen. Russian and Uzbek are also spoken. Islam is the predominant religion of the country with a small minority of people who are Eastern Orthodox.
Traditional cuisine in Turkmenistan includes bread, thick soups and meat dumplings. Other popular dishes are shashlik (mutton cooked on skewers) and fried meat. Pilav is a favorite dish with the people. It is made with mutton, onions, carrots or turnips, garlic and rice. Pilav is also prepared using dried fruit.
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