Saudi Arabia
A large country, Saudi Arabia covers most of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman to the east and by Yemen to the south. The country is bordered by the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. The capital of Saudi Arabia is Riyadh. The Red Sea port of Jeddah, Taif, which is the summer capital and the industrial cities of Jubail and Yanbu are also important cities.
Saudi Arabia's most important cities are Mecca, birthplace of the Prophet Mohammed and Medina, to which the Prophet moved in 622 AD. These are the two holiest cities of Islam.
There was a reformation movement called Wahabism in the middle of 18th century which is one of the most important events in the history of the country. This movement became linked with the Al Saud family, rulers of Diriyah. After a lot of extended battles, the Al Saud family, led by Abdul Aziz Al Saud captured Riyadh in 1902, drove the Turks out of Eastern Arabia and conquered the rest of Arabia. In 1926 Abdul Aziz became King and in 1932 the Kingdom was renamed Saudi Arabia. Oil was discovered in the country in 1938 by the Standard Oil Company of California. In 1944 the company changed its name to the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO); in 1980 the Saudi government took full control, renaming it Saudi Aramco. The country’s oil resources are estimated to represent around 25% of the world’s proven reserves. Its natural gas reserves are also massive. Some of the gas is used as an energy source, the remainder for petrochemical products. The country's other mineral resources include gold, copper and iron ore. Water is an important resource in such an arid region and Saudi Arabia is now a large producer of desalinated water, with plants turning the salt water of the Gulf and the Red Sea into drinkable water. Among the vegetables and fruit grown are dates, citrus fruits, tomatoes and watermelon.
Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country with where Arabic is the official language. English is used for business. The country has a unique responsibility to the world of Islam. Religious duties of every Muslim is the Pilgrimage, or Hajj, to the Holy City of Mecca once in his or her lifetime. This duty brings millions of visitors and the responsibility for providing for the pilgrims is a key task of Saudi Arabia and her government.
Stews are often eaten with salad, bread, rice, tomatoes, onions and other vegetables.
Bedouin coffee is unsweetened and flavored with cardamom. Serving coffee to visitors is an age old custom.
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