Mongolia
This landlocked country is in Central Asia. Mongolia is bordered by China and Russia. Ulaanbaatar is the capital.
The terrain in Mongolia is full of mountains, grassy steppe, semi-desert and desert plains. The Gobi Desert is in the south.
In this agro-based economy, nearly forty-five percent of the working population earns a living from raising livestock (goats, sheep, cattle, horses and camels). Agricultural products are barley, wheat, forage crops, and vegetables. Furs and animal hair products, cashmere, and leather production are the country’s main industries. Coal, copper, gold, and other minerals are mined.
While Outer Mongolia declared independence in 1911, it was owned by the Chinese till 1919. Independence was finally achieved in 1921 and the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed in 1924, though Inner Mongolia remained part of China.
Mongolia's first multi-party elections for the People's Great Hural were held in 1990 and a new Constitution established Mongolia as an independent, sovereign republic in 1992.
Mongolians still live in the traditional ger or yurt. These are houses composed of a round tent with a collapsible wooden framework and layers of felt coverings. Many of these nomadic abodes are situated outside urban areas. Most people speak Khalkha Mongol. Other languages spoken include Turkic and Russian. English is becoming the main foreign language. Majority of the people follow [Tibetan] Buddhist Lamaism. There are relatively small percentages of Shamanists, Christians and Muslims.
Since raising livestock is the main occupation in Mongolia, their cuisine is naturally based on meat and dairy products. Air-drying is a method of preserving meat in Mongolia. Popular meals include pancakes filled with minced meat, meat filled dumplings, and mutton soup. Barbecue meat is another popular item in their cuisine. Fruits and vegetables available are apples, bananas, oranges, carrots, cucumbers, garlic, onions, peppers, potatoes and tomatoes.
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