Iraq
The Republic of Iraq is a mid-eastern country bordered by Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Iran and the Persian Gulf. Baghdad is the capital city. Basrah and Umm Qasr are the main ports. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow through Iraq. Iraq perennially suffers from desertification and saltiness of the soil. There is always scarcity of water resulting in sparse flora and fauna. Regions around the Tigris and the Euphrates are the most fertile.
Formerly known as Mesopotamia, Iraq, was often called the Cradle of Civilization, was also part of an area known as the Fertile Crescent. Iraq became a republic after a military coup in 1958. There have been a number of military leaders in Iraq in the subsequent 20 years, including Saddam Hussein. The Iran-Iraq war which started in 1980, lasted for eight years after which ceasefire took place. In 1990 Iraq occupied Kuwait, which led to the Gulf War. Then in 2003, there was an invasion of Iraq led by the US, in which Britain also deployed its army.
The Iran-Iraq War, which lasted nearly eight years followed by the Gulf War has taken a big toll on Iraq's economy. The oil industry, nationalized in 1972, dominates Iraq's economy. Incidentally, Iraq has the world's second largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia. Deposits of sulfur, coal, gypsum and salt are also found in Iraq. Industries include chemicals, cement, construction materials, textiles and food processing. Barley wheat, rice, aubergines, beans, chickpeas, cucumbers, onions, okra, tomatoes, dates, watermelons, sesame, cotton and tobacco are cultivated in Iraq.
Though Arabic is the main language, Kurdish is the official language in the Kurdish regions of Iraq. Islam is the official religion in Iraq.
Iran and Turkey have influenced the cuisine of this country. Soups and stews are prepared with vegetables and meat. Beef, lamb, poultry, and fish are eaten with rice and vegetables. Another traditional dish is spiced minced meat with nuts and raisins. Kebabs, usually made with lamb, are a favorite meal and flat white bread is a staple food.
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