East Timor
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor) is situated in Southeastern Asia, towards the northwest of Australia. It includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi-Ambeno enclave (separated from the rest of East Timor by West Timorese territory) and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco. Dili is the capital city and the chief port. Baucau is the second largest city in East Timor.
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to settle in East Timor. During the mid 18th century, the country was divided – East Timor belonged to the Portuguese and the West Timor belonged to the Dutch. During 1942 and 1945, Japan occupied East Timor, after which the country was again taken over by the Portuguese. After a short civil war in 1974, Fretilin, the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor, declared East Timor independent. A month later Indonesia annexed East Timor. There was a lot of resistance to Indonesian rule. Finally with UN intervention, the United Nations Transitional Administration in Timor-Leste (East Timor) was established and fair elections were held in 2001. The country celebrated independence in 2002.
Anti-independence troops had caused major damage in the infrastructure of the country in 1999. The UN finally came to the rescue and helped the country regain its law and order situation and rebuild the infrastructure. The development of oil and gas, in the Timor Sea, has begun to supplement government revenues. Other resources are gold, manganese and marble. Industries include printing, soap manufacturing, woven cloth and handicrafts. Majority of the people in East Timor depend on fishing and farming. Agricultural products are coffee, rice, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas and vanilla.
While Tetum and Portuguese are official languages of the country, Indonesian and English are also spoken widely. Majority of the people are Christians. Other smaller sections include Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist and Animist.
Rice is a staple food in East Timor. Maize, cassava, sweet potatoes and taro are grown along with beans, cowpeas, cabbage, spinach and onions. Fish is popular and a number of spices are used in their cooking. Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Thai cuisine is available in the capital to cater to the various palates of the people living in the country.
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