Zambia
Bordered by Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Zambia is situated in Southern Africa. Lusaka is the capital city. The Zambezi river is the main river flowing through the country. On the great tourist attractions in Zambia is the Victoria Falls, known locally as Mosi-O-Tunya. These falls are on the Zambezi between the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe. The falls became a world heritage site in 1989.
British South African Company, run by Cecil Rhodes, occupied much of the country and its adjoining territories towards the end of the 19th century. In 1911 the country was known as Northern Rhodesia and later, in 1924, the region became a British Protectorate. Copper was discovered in the country during the early 20th century and soon became one of the richest sources of copper in the world. This aroused the interest of colonists. Then in 1953 Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) became a Federation. The Federation lasted until the end of 1963 - both Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Nyasaland (Malawi) gained independence in 1964.
Copper was the main economic driver of the country from the 1920s and 30s. This revenue helped in the building much of the infrastructure of the country. The country however ran out of good luck when the prices copper fell. Then on the advice of World Bank, the country embarked upon a privatization project, which included copper industry as well. Apart from copper mining, Zambia mines emeralds, cobalt, lead, zinc and coal. Other industries include hydropower, construction, chemicals, fertilizer, furniture, clothing, food processing and beverages. Tourism is an important earner of foreign currency. Agriculture provides employment to a large section of the population and crops include maize, sorghum, rice, cassava, groundnuts, sunflower seeds and sugarcane. Cotton and tobacco are also grown.
While English is the official language, around seventy languages are spoken. More than half of the people in Zambia are Christians. There are followers of indigenous religious beliefs and Islam. While maize is the staple food crop for much of the population, other drought-resistant crops like millet and sorghum are also grown. Other produce includes cassava (a root vegetable), cowpeas, peanuts, pumpkins and sweet potatoes. Fish is available from lakes and rivers and cattle, pigs and poultry are reared.
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