Libya
Libya, a very large country, is situated on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. Its borders are with Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Chad, Niger and Sudan. Its capital is Tripoli which is also the largest city and one of the country's two major ports. Benghazi is the other major port. The majority of the country is covered with the Sahara desert. The arable land is along the coast. One of the biggest projects in Libya in recent times is the Great Man-made River Project, the world's largest civil engineering scheme. This project which began in 1984 will take 25 years to complete. It is meant to bring water from underground sources to the desert’s edge. When completed, it will help in cultivation and irrigation.
The country has a troubled past. After a brief period under British and French rule, overseen by the United Nations, Libya became independent in 1951 as a monarchy ruled by King Idriss. Between 1977 and 1987, the country fought with Egypt and Chad over territories which has uranium deposits. Then there were wars with the western world.
The main source of income for the country is the nationalized oil industry. Libya also has big reserves of natural gas. Agriculture is another important revenue earner. Most of the agricultural activity takes place in the coastal regions. The main crops are olives, dates, figs, almonds, citrus fruits and wheat and barley. Tuna and sardines are the main catch in the Mediterranean coast line. Libya's natural resources also include gypsum. Other industries are petrochemicals, food processing, textiles, construction materials, carpets, leather and handicrafts.
While Arabic is the official language, the Berber dialect is used by some of the population. Libya is an Islamic country.
Libyan food has influences of Arabic and Mediterranean cuisine. Pasta spells Italian occupation of the country at one time. Couscous is eaten with lamb or chicken and flavored with cumin and fenugreek. During Ramadan the diet consists of soup, rice, spinach and feta turnovers and pastries.
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