Eritrea
The State of Eritrea is an east African country, bordered by the Red Sea, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Sudan. Asmara is the capital. The country is made up of a high central plateau, western lowlands, dry coastal plain and over three hundred islands.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 made Eritrea more accessible from the Mediterranean and led to Eritrea being proclaimed an Italian colony in 1890. After the Second World War the British had occupied the territory and given charge of its administration by the UN. A federation between Eritrea and Ethiopia was created by the UN in 1952. Ethiopia annexed Eritrea in 1962. Following a thirty-year struggle for independence, Eritrea became independent in 1993. War with Ethiopia erupted again in 1999 over border disputes. A ceasefire took place in June 2000 and a peace agreement was signed in December of the same year.
Subsistence farming and herding are the two pillars of the Eritrea economy. Though hardly a contributor, agriculture employs nearly 80% of the working population.
Products include millet, sorghum, teff, wheat, barley, lentils, coffee, cotton, sisal, and tobacco. Fish, such as tuna, is provided by the fishing industry. Salt is an important item for export. Other industries include commercial ship repairs, cement, textiles, clothing, food processing and beverages.
Official languages of the country are Tigrinya and Arabic. For business and education, English is used. Other languages include Afar, Tigre and Kunama.
The population of Eritrea is divided between Muslim and Christians. (mostly Coptic Orthodox, with some Roman Catholics and Protestants).
Spicy stew, with either meat or vegetable is the staple food in the country. Porridges made from sorghum or chickpeas, and curried lentils are eaten. Meals are often served with unleavened bread; injera is made from teff grain. Urban areas store Italian pastas and pizzas.
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